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Yokosuka, Japan. (Sept. 14, 2023): In this photo by Seaman Kyree Rogers, Senior Chief Aviation Ordnance specialist Cody Shaw, from Kingstree, South Carolina, proctors as Sailors take the Navy-wide Advancement Exam (NWAE), a key step to eventual promotion. These sailors are assigned to the Ronald Reagan, the flagship of Carrier Strike Group 5 operating in the Indo-Pacific region.
For enlisted Sailors, advancement in the ranks is in part determined by how high they score on the NWAE. Given twice a year, the NWAE consists of 175 total questions concerning a Sailor’s occupational rating and is used as an unbiased measure to rank qualified candidates for advancement.
There are two windows throughout the year to take the NWAE; Spring and Fall for E4 to E6 candidates, and January/February for Chief candidates.
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Camp Hansen, Okinawa, Japan. (September 7, 2023): In this photo by Corporal Kyle Chan, Marines with Marine Air Support Squadron 2, 1st Marine Aircraft Wing, fire their M1014 shotguns during a live fire exercise to increase their proficiency in area security.
It is likely these Marines toted their first shotgun as youngsters, playing the big game hunter, bagging their first quail. This national affection for the dependable twelve gauge is confirmed in a report by the Federal Institute for Justice that estimates forty-nine million Americans have shotguns in their homes. This familiarity naturally led to their use by America’s military and the weapon continues to play a critical role in combat to this day.
Today’s high-tech shotguns trace their roots to the Blunderbuss or “thunder gun” invented by the Dutch in the 16th century which became a staple of U.S. military in Colonial times. Legendary gunsmith John Browning invented the first lever action, pump action, and auto-loading shotguns in the late 1800s and his designs are still in use today. The American military began fielding shotguns on the battlefield during the final stretch of World War I. American Expeditionary Forces used these “trench guns”, while limited in range, because they could dramatically increase the probability of a hit. In fact, these “scatter guns” fired double odd buckshot that caused such grievous wounds, the German government issued a formal protest.
The development of the repeating pump-action shotguns in the 1890s led to their use by the US Marines in the Philippines and by General "Black Jack" Pershing in his pursuit of the Mexican revolutionary outlaw Pancho Villa in 1923. The original shotguns have been developed into a breaching tool that gives troops a lightweight and effective way to open doors, gates, and any other obstruction in assault style warfare practiced today.
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Creech Air Force Base, Nevada. (September 17, 2023): In this photo by Airman 1st Class Victoria Nuzzi, an MQ-9 Reaper, piloted by the 556th Test and Evaluation Squadron (TES), fires an Air-to-Ground Hellfire missile over the Nevada Test and Training Range. The 556th TES performs all software and physical testing to improve the combat capabilities of Reaper, the Air Force’s prime hunter-killer unmanned aerial system (UAS).
The 556th TES was the Air Force's first operational test squadron for unmanned aircraft. Today it provides around the clock support to UAS operations worldwide, including meeting warfighters' urgent requests. The MQ-9 is the first hunter-killer UAS designed for long-endurance, medium-altitude surveillance and for direct strikes on targets using a variety of munitions. The Reaper can loiter for up to 30 hours above a target as its remote pilots collect intelligence or launch air-to-ground missiles, like the 114 Hellfire pictured above. The aircraft is flown by aircrew in ground control stations thousands of miles away.
These new remotely piloted aircraft skippers are an integral and growing part of our nation’s air defense. As America’s reliance on UAS tools like the Reaper increases, so does the need for qualified pilots to fly them.
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Mohamed Naguib Military Base, Egypt. (Sept. 7, 2023): In this photo by Captain Mark Andries, U.S. Marines from 4th Combat Engineer Battalion, 4th Marine Division detonate an explosive to blast open a door while practicing breaching techniques with Egyptian troops during exercise Bright Star 23. This multilateral exercise, hosted by the U.S. Central Command, offered a chance to work with Arab Republic of Egypt combat engineers on the essential tools of urban warfare.
Going door-to-door after the enemy and needing help getting through a door?
Call the 4th Combat Engineer Battalion, a reserve unit based in Baltimore, Maryland that is part of the Marine Forces Reserve. In the close quarters fighting in Iraq, these Marines and their “breaching” skills were in much demand.
Marine Combat Engineers “breach” doors or walls using five different methods; mechanical breaching, ballistic breaching, hydraulic breaching, explosive breaching, or thermal breaching. Marines use a combination of explosives, thermal devices, and mechanical breaching equipment to penetrate virtually any structure. In urban combat situations, combat engineers often lead the way by clearing obstacles, defusing explosives, or accompanying infantry units clearing buildings door-to-door.
Naturally, this is some of the most dangerous work in the Marine Corps.
Marine Combat engineers can trace their roots to the armies of Greece in 1884 B.C. These ancient engineers constructed the famous Trojan Horse that was used to infiltrate the city of Troy and end the war. In the Civil War, combat engineers helped build fortifications and designed earthworks to protect military units from aerial bombardment. They also famously dug tunnels under enemy encampments and detonated massive explosions that often decided the outcome of the battle. During World War II, engineers first developed their bridge building ability by crossing hundreds of hotly contested waterways like the Rhine River in Germany. The engineers were also critical to clearing mines and obstacles on the beaches on D-Day.
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Ali Salem Air Base, Kuwait. (September 22, 2023): It has been twenty years since a badly shaken nation came together in a spirit of patriotism, sadness, and righteous anger at the cowardly attacks on 911. In this photo by Staff Sergeant Kevin Long, Airmen from the 386th Expeditionary Civil Engineer Battalion conduct a ruck march in honor of 911 victims and were later joined by comrades from Canda, Italy, and Denmark in a moment of silence in their memory. Although most of these young servicemembers were not born yet on that fateful day, their presence so far from home is a legacy of the 911 attacks.
Americans experienced such shock and rage that it drove patriotic sentiment sky high and Americans demanded a military response. According to the Pew Research Center, 62% of Americans say they felt more patriotic after the attacks and 79% said they had recently displayed the U.S. flag. Support for our armed forces also soared as 77% of Americans favored retaliation for those responsible for the terrorist attacks. America was united as never before.
Twenty years later, Airmen like these are stationed at far flung outposts around the world as a show of military strength to prevent future terrorist attacks.
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Atlantic Ocean. (September 5, 2023): While chasing drug traffickers gets all the headlines, America’s Coast Guard protects us in an important, if not so flashy, way. In this photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Mikaela McGee, Coast Guardsmen assigned to U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Forward assist fisheries inspectors with the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization to measure a fishing net while at sea. Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing (IUU fishing) is one of the greatest threats to ocean health and a significant cause of overfishing. It contributes to the collapse or decline of fisheries that are critical to the economic growth, food systems, and ecosystems of numerous countries around the world. It is also a global problem that disadvantages law-abiding fishers and seafood producers.
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, between 11 and 26 million metric tons of fish are caught illegally each year. By avoiding the operational costs associated with sustainable fishing practices, fishers, companies, and nations that engage in IUU fishing receive economic benefit over legitimate actors. These criminals exceed harvesting limits and disregard other conservation and management measures, destroy habitats, and use methods that result in wasteful bycatch. These practices destroy not only the resource today, but also its ability to be sustainably harvested for years and decades to come. Left without alternatives, these conditions entice more and more fishers to seek alternative sources of income such as piracy, drug trafficking, and human trafficking, creating a dangerous downward cycle furthering regional instability.
Examples of IUU fishing include:
- Fishing without a license or quota for certain species.
- Failing to report catches or making false reports.
- Keeping undersized fish or fish that are otherwise protected by regulations.
- Fishing in closed areas or during closed seasons and using prohibited fishing gear.
- Conducting unauthorized transshipments (e.g., transfers of fish) to cargo vessels.
The Coast Guard, however, faces an elusive enemy in this war against overfishing. The inherent nature of IUU fishing makes it difficult to accurately quantify the full global economic impacts from these activities. But there is little disagreement that it is in the billions, or even tens of billions, of dollars each year.