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Kadena Air Base, Japan. (November 3, 2024): How do you make a bomb that is as dumb as a rock into a highly targeted, incredibly accurate killing machine? In this photo by Senior Airman Luis E. Rios Calderon, Airmen 1st Class Tanner England, an 18th Munitions Squadron support equipment maintenance technician, readies the wiring on the inside of a joint direct attack munition guidance tail kit component. Once attached, the munition kit turns an ordinary gravity bomb into something quite extraordinary. The Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) converts unguided bombs into smart, precision-guided munitions and was jointly developed by the United States Air Force and United States Navy.
The services wanted to improve bombing accuracy after shortcomings encountered during the Air Force’s bombing campaign during Desert Storm. Laser and infrared imaging were hindered by bad weather conditions, airborne dust, fog, and even cloud cover. The JDAM was meant to overcome these environmental factors to maintain a “lock” on the target.
JDAM kits contain a global positioning system (GPS) and an inertial navigation system (INS) that guides the bomb to its target. Once released from the aircraft, the JDAM autonomously navigates to the designated target coordinates. Target data can be loaded into the aircraft before takeoff, manually altered by the aircrew, or entered by a datalink to change direction even during flight. There are JDAM kits for bombs ranging from 500 to 2,000 pounds.
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Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. (November 1, 2024): In this touching photo by Senior Airman Mary Bowers, Senior Airman Samuel Koopmans, an 819th Rapid Engineer Deployable Heavy Operational Repair Squadron engineer, reunites with his loved ones after returning from Tinian Island. He along with thousands of Airmen have been called back to the Pacific to reopen Tinian, the same airfield that was used in the first and only use of nuclear weapons in war. Members of the 819th RHS returned home from a six-month deployment where they teamed up with U.S. Navy Seabees to assess and prepare the WWI-era Tinian airfield for paving.
Tinian is part of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, an American territory north of Guam and about 1,500 miles east of the Philippines. The remote island is less than 40 square miles across and is one of three sparsely populated islets in the Western Pacific Ocean. Tinian forms the U.S.'s westernmost frontier, along with the major military hub of Guam some one hundred miles to the south. The island is a similar distance to China and other flashpoints in Asia.
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Camp Humphreys, Republic of Korea. (November 5, 2024): In this modern age, our military uses satellites, cell phones, and global positioning systems to find its way around. But what happens when the power goes out, the satellites are gone, and there is no “signal” to be had? In this photo by Staff Sergeant Ian Vega-Cerez, Korean and American Senior Enlisted Leaders plot grid coordinates during the land navigation portion of Mangudai 2024, an annual training event considered one of the toughest in South Korea.
Mangudai exercises reinforce mastery of core Soldiering tasks including live fires, patrol base activities, rendering casualty care under threat of mortar fire, a hand-to-hand combat challenge in a waist deep mud-pit, and miles upon miles of foot-marching through rain and the frigid cold.
But of all the skills put to the test at Mangudai, land navigation stands out because of its demand for accuracy, endurance, and leadership under extreme conditions. While our armed forces certainly take full advantage of today’s navigational technology, a simple and reliable compass-based system is still taught at infantry school.
Before the invention of the magnetic compass, the ancients relied on the sighting of landmarks, the position of celestial bodies, and even the flight path of birds to help guide their way. It was not until the Chinese Han Dynasty in 206 BC that a common fortune telling device was found to be useful as an aid to navigation.
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Arlington, Virginia. (November 8, 2024): As America celebrates Veteran’s Day, the Marines celebrated their 235th Anniversary by honoring a member of the “Chosin Few.” In this photo by Sergeant James Stanfield, Marine Corps PFC Rudy Meekins, a veteran of the Korean War, meets with the 20th Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps Sergeant Major Carlos A. Ruiz at the Pentagon. Meekins was a member of 3rd Battalion, 11th Marines, who landed at Inchon, earned four Purple Hearts, and fought in the Battle of the Chosin Reservoir.
During World War II, the 11th Marines fought in Eastern New Guinea and the Battles of Peleliu, Guadalcanal, and Okinawa. Dispatched to Korea in 1950, the 11th took part in the famous Inchon landings that sent the communists fleeing north in defeat. As the brutal Korean winter set in, the 11th was ordered to seize and occupy the Chosin Reservoir, a desolate outpost connected to the coast by a single lane highway.
During the last week of November, the Chinese attacked with twelve divisions in three armies (numbering 150,000 soldiers—mostly infantry with mortars and machine guns) that threatened to encircle and destroy the Marines. What followed will live in Marine Corps history as the 11th conducted a fighting retrograde back down the single highway, through several mountain passes, until they reached transport ships at the coast.
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Veteran’s Day brings mixed emotions for many former servicepeople.
On the one hand, it is a day dedicated in their honor, a nation’s way of saying thank you. On the other, it jogs memories that are best left forgotten. There are currently 15.8 million veterans today, many of them members of the greatest generation that are fading into history (In 2024, there are an estimated 66,000 of these veterans alive).
For those who missed the chance to serve, this day is your opportunity to express gratitude for the sacrifices these vets made for us. If you encounter a veteran this week, ask them how they are doing and say thanks.
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San Francisco, California. (November 1, 2024): Italian Americans overcame prejudice, stereotypes, and even questions of loyalty to serve in the Armed forces. In this photo by Navy Petty Officer 1st Class Jesse Monford, Marines assigned to the 1st Marine Division Band and sailors assigned to the Navy Band Southwest participate in the San Francisco Italian Heritage Parade during San Francisco Fleet Week.
According to the Department of Defense, Italian Americans fought in every major U.S. conflict since the beginning of the Republic, offering suffering casualties that far exceeded their share of the U.S. population.
In the American Civil War, between 5,000 and 10,000 Italian Americans fought in the war, including suffering alongside General George Washinton at Valley Forge. In World War I, Italian troops made up about 12% of the total American forces yet accounted for more than 10% of war casualties. During the conflict Michael Valente, an Italian-born American infantryman, was awarded the Medal of Honor.
Read more: CELEBRATING ITALIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO U.S. DEFENSE